With the prospect of industrialisation and the consequent migration of rural population to urban areas in India, the percentage share of rural population in total population is expected to decline to 60 percent by 2030. Nevertheless, the bulk of India's population lives in rural areas. Improvements in housing, transport, communication, energy supply, health, education, water supply, and sanitation coupled with attitudinal changes are key elements of rural transformation. The present work provides a comprehensive account of policies and programs for transformation of rural India, including the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act and The National Rural Livelihoods Mission.